investigation of adaptation procedures of tissue culture clones of sugar beet in greenhouse, stability of ploidy and seed production in field

the purpose of this study was to compare rooting methods in tissue culture regenerated-clones in sugar beet and their adaptation to environmental conditions and determine clones ploidy stability. two kinds of explants including shoot apex of seedlings and inflorescence stem pieces were used for preparation and propagation of the clones in media. in the next step, three rooting and adaptation methods as main plots and four genotypes as sub plots were compared using a split plot experimental design. the methods were: 1. rooting clones in in vitro culture, 2. sink rootless shoot bases into hormonal powder and 3. inducing roots in water-culture device. the plantlets derived from each method were transferred to pots in the greenhouse for the growth and adaptation. percentage of adapted clones from each treatment was analyzed by sas program. the results showed no significant differences between methods 1and 2 and these two methods had advantages as compared to the third method. therefore, method 2 does not need to root from shoots in in vitro and this is resulted in saving of money (personel, media and keeping place) and time (1 to 2 months). in the other experiment, chromosome counting of the clones was performed and genetic stability was observed at ploidy level. adapted clones were vernalized in cold room and transplanted in the field. the plants in the field produced flowering stems and setting seeds as much as kilogram as a first report.